Bootstrap基础
January 24, 2022
15824
Bootstrap基础
第一章 概述
1.1概述
1.概念:一个前端开发的框架,是美国Twitter公司的设计师Mark Otto和Jacob Thornton合作基于HTML、CSS、JavaScript开发的简洁、直观、强悍的前端开发框架,使得 Web 开发更加快捷。
框架:一个半成品软件,开发人员可以在框架基础上,再进行开发,简化编码。
好处:
1.定义了很多的CSS样式和js插件。开发人员可以直接使用这些样式和插件得到丰富的页面效果。
2.响应式布局。
- 同一套页面可以兼容不同分辨率的设备。
第二章 快速入门
1.下载Bootstrap
2.在项目中将这三个文件夹复制
3.创建html页面,引入必要的资源文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>你好,世界!</h1>
</body>
</html>
2.1响应式布局
同一套页面可以兼容不同分辨率的设备。
实现:依赖于栅格系统:将一行平均分成12个格子,可以指定元素占几个格子。
步骤:
1.定义容器。相当于table
容器分类:
1.container:两边留白
2.container-fluid:每一种设备都是100%宽度
2.定义行。相当于tr 样式:row
3.定义元素。相当于td。指定该元素在不同设备上,所占的格子数目。样式:
col-设备代号-格子数目
。注意:
1.一行中如果格子数目超过12,则超出部分自动换行。
2.栅格类属性可以向上兼容。栅格类适用于与屏幕宽度大于或等于分界点大小的设备。
3.如果真实设备宽度小于了设置栅格类属性的设备代码的最小值,会一个元素占满一整行。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title> <!-- Bootstrap --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css"> <!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) --> <script src="js/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script> <!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 --> <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <style> .inner { border: 1px solid red; } </style> </head> <body> <!-- 定义容器--> <div class="container-fluid"> <!-- 定义行--> <div class="row"> <!-- 定义元素--> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
2.2CSS样式和JS插件
全局CSS样式:
- 按钮:
class="btn btn-default"
- 图片:
class="img-responsive"
:图片在任意尺寸都占100%- 图片形状:
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-rounded">
:方形<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-circle">
:圆形<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-thumbnail">
:相框
- 表格
table
table-bordered
table-hover
- 表单:给表单项添加:
class="form-control"
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<style>
</style>
</head>
<body>
<a class="btn btn-default" href="#" role="button">Link</a>
<button class="btn btn-default" type="submit">Button</button>
<input class="btn btn-default" type="button" value="Input">
<input class="btn btn-default" type="submit" value="Submit">
<br>
<!-- Standard button -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">(默认样式)Default</button>
<!-- Provides extra visual weight and identifies the primary action in a set of buttons -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">(首选项)Primary</button>
<!-- Indicates a successful or positive action -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success">(成功)Success</button>
<!-- Contextual button for informational alert messages -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-info">(一般信息)Info</button>
<!-- Indicates caution should be taken with this action -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">(警告)Warning</button>
<!-- Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">(危险)Danger</button>
<!-- Deemphasize a button by making it look like a link while maintaining button behavior -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link">(链接)Link</button>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<table class="table table-bordered table-hover">
<tr>
<th>编号</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>年龄</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>001</td>
<td>张三</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>002</td>
<td>张三</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>003</td>
<td>张三</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr>
<hr>
<hr>
<form class="form-horizontal">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Email</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail3" placeholder="Email">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputPassword3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Password</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword3" placeholder="Password">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox"> Remember me
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
组件:
- 导航条
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
<div class="container-fluid">
<!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a>
</div>
<!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<form class="navbar-form navbar-left">
<div class="form-group">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
</form>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
</div>
<!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>
</body>
</html>
- 分页条
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<nav aria-label="Page navigation">
<ul class="pagination">
<li class="disabled">
<a href="#" aria-label="Previous">
<span aria-hidden="true">«</span>
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#">1</a></li>
<li class="active"><a href="#">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#">5</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Next">
<span aria-hidden="true">»</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</body>
</html>
插件:
- 轮播图
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script>
<!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<!-- Indicators -->
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li>
</ol>
<!-- Wrapper for slides -->
<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
<div class="item active">
<img src="img/wallhaven-9mzjwk.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="carousel-caption">
...
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="img/wallhaven-76ydg3.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="carousel-caption">
...
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="img/wallhaven-8o5v1k.jpg" alt="...">
<div class="carousel-caption">
...
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Controls -->
<a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
</a>
<a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Next</span>
</a>
</div>
</body>
</html>
- 本文作者: ShanTianQi
- 本文链接: https://stq555.com/2022/01/24/Bootstrap%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/index.html
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